DIRD_22_Metamaterials_for_Aerospace_Applications.pdf

6 April 2010 
ICOD: 1 December 2009 
DIA-08-1004-006 
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Defense 
Intelligence 
Reference 
Document 
Acquisition Threat Support 
Metamaterials for Aerospace 
Applications 
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Metamaterials for Aerospace Applications 
Prepared by: 
(b){3):10 USC 424 
e ense n 
Author: 
Administrative Note 
COPYRIGHT WARNING: Further dissemination of the photographs In this publicat1on is not authorized. 
This product is one in a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2009 
under the Defense Intelligence Agency, l7b)<3):10 usc 424 
' !Advanced Aerospace 
Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Pro ram. Comments or questions pertaining to 
this document should be addressed to (b 3):10 use 424;(b)(6) 
., AAWSA Program 
Manager, Defen…

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Contents 
Definition of Metamaterials ............................................................................................................................................ 1 
Applications to Sub-Diffraction Imaging: Super-Lens and Hyper-Lens .................. 6 
Applications to Circuits and Waveguide Miniaturization: Slowing Down and 
Manipulating Electromagnetic Pulses {EMP) Using Advanced Metamaterials ....... 16 
Metamaterials for Energy Harvesting ................................................. u ................ 20 
Nonlinear Non-Reciproc…

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Figure 14. Schematic of Pulse Compression In Magnetized Plasma ...................... 16 
Figure 15. Trapped Rainbow: A Waveguide With Negative Index Core Can Stop 
Light ........................................................................................ , ............................ 17 
Figure 16. "Plasmonic Moleculeu Exhibiting EIT ................................................... 18 
Figure 17. True Multi-Layer Metamaterial With a Unit Cell Shown in Figure16: 
Radiative Antenna (Single Metal Strip} Coupled to a Dark Antenna 
(Two Perpendicul…

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Definition of Metamaterials 
A metamaterial is defined as an artificial medium whose properties {mechanical, optical, 
magnetic, or other) cannot be found in naturally-occurring materials. The emphasis of 
this study will be on electromagnetic and optical metamaterials. Such metamaterials 
can exhibit rather extreme properties, such as negative refractive index, which implies 
that both electric permittivity and magnetic permeability must be negative 
(Ii< 0 p < 0} (Reference 1}. Such metamaterials used to be called "left-handed" 
, 
because of the …

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The electric response of such (or similar} metamaterial is given by 
1 
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l:( w) = 1 -
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w- -(JJ; + lf'JJY 
(2) 
where wR is the resonant frequency and y is the loss coefficient. 
Negative index metamaterials are by no means the only potentially useful metamedia. 
Several new concepts such as Indefinite Permittivity Metamaterials (IPM) (References 
3, 4) and Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) metamaterials (Reference 5) have recently emerged 
and found some exciting applications that will be reviewed below. IPMs can be used as 
ultra-compact spatial fi…

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In general, metamaterials offer a new way of designing electromagnetic structures with 
arbitrary values of permittivity/permeability tensors, as well as other parameters (such 
as bi-anisotropy coefficient). In many instances, metamaterials enable us to 
considerably minimize sizes of resonators, transmission lines, and so forth. Such 
miniaturization is possible due to the resonant nature of the individual unit cells. 
Specifically, the structures shown in Figure 3 have high capacitance; therefore, their 
individual sizes are very sub-wavelength. T…