DIRD_32-DIRD_Ultracapacitators_as_Energy_and_Power_Storage_Devices.pdf

UNCLASSIFIED / / SR. QS Ebb ide G a hee Defense Intelligence Reference Document Defense Futures 01 November 2010 ICOD: 20 July 2010 DIA-08-1011-005 Ultracapacitors as Energy and Power Storage Devices for Commercial and Military Applications UNCLASSIFIED / /POR"OPPLCHE ESE OnNEyY

UNCLASSIFIED / /F@R-OFFEGHHAHGE-ONEE Ultracapacitors as Energy and Power Storage Devices for Commercial and Military Applications The Defense Intelligence Reference Document provides nonsubstantive but authoritative reference information related to intelligence topics or methodologies. Prepared by: (b)(3}:10 USC 424 verense intelligence Agency Authors: (b)(6) (U} COPYRIGHT WARNING: Further dissemination of the photographs in this publication is not authorized. This product is one of a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2010 under the Defense Intelligence Agency, |(b)(3):10 US…

UNCLASSIFIED / /F@R-@FFIGE-UGE-ONEE Contents SUMMAPry .asseersnceeeene saenaa aren nnennenssenanenanenenenauensnensnenacanenenecenenandusnenauensnenanenanenanenecanensn iv Chapter 1: Concept Overview ....cccscscrerccuserevevecsusereravepuseseverass ruvesccurareresererereserersvey Batteries and Ultracaps ...scscscscnsucnenenenccnecsnanancnacanen ssawaneuauanenananene sausnaeavanenausnans wid HiStOPy «0 .cccsecerevesesesesesesesevevesesesuveverenanazesuserersonsevevunssursserseursvessseserarseusureresssarareees & Chapter 2: Materials Technology .........:scscsces watenanens vena we neue nanane s…

Figure 10. Figure ii. UNCLASSIFIED / /@OR-@FFECGEEUSP Ont CDC Synthesis and Electrochemical Test Cell Preparation Schematic. 21 Volumetric Capacitance of the Films in (A) TEABF, and (B) H2SOa...... 21 Figure 12. MCap Structure... .csescrcreresccassrecns eearseuresurererss eee nesunuceveveraresesererapupusueepares 22 Figure 13. Preliminary MCap Test Results... ....ccuessneees senanneseeesennecsennenens wenaesneneuees 2 Figure 14. Summary Chart of MCap Results to Date., ..cscscsescncceseuausscrececercrencsaneras 2D Figure 15. Specific Energy and Estimated Costs vs. fame ..cssssscsesenerenenenes …

UNCLASSIFIED / / POR“OPRECEREUSE-ONEY Ultracapacitors as Energy and Power Storage Devices for Commercial and Military Applications Summary Ultracapacitors (ultracaps) are energy storage devices capable of extremely rapid charge and discharge rates with the ability to be cycled hundreds of thousands of times. These unique capabilities make ultracaps attractive for a number of applications. The advantages over lithium ion batteries are somewhat mitigated by the fact that they have less than 10% of the specific energy (Wh/kg) and require a power converter to regulate their voltage. The high capac…

UNCLASSIFIED/ / Chapter 1: Concept Overview Ultracapacitors, also known as supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors, electrochemical capacitors, electrochemical double-layer capacitors, or ultracaps, are energy-storage platforms that offer energy storage capable of extremely rapid charge and discharge rates. Ultracapacitors also have the ability to be cycled hundreds of thousands of times. The phenomenal charge and discharge capabilities make them ideal for supporting volatile memory and computing applications, energy efficiency/capture processes, and high- power applications. Ultracaps store their …

UNCLASSIFIED / / F@R-@5F5GRid=-UGE-O ie showing the electrochemical double layer responsible for the characteristic performance.® The basic principles of operation have not changed with improved technologies, only the materials and cell design. The two electrode plates are traditionally the same material, which is usually a carbonaceous material, such as activated carbon. Each layer is capable of storing a low voltage, and multiple layers serve to increase the potential. Individual cells are placed in series to create a higher voltage, in much the same manner as a battery. Recent advances in u…

UNCLASSIFIED / /#@R-OFFEChH=USP Ont” OO00000060 CSOOO00C0G000 Separator soaked tn electrolyte , 0000000000 Sino §=6 | SHOOOHSOOSO electrodes Activated carbon electrodes B Electrodes B Separator @ Fiectrolyte Electrolyte B Wound component @ Case Figure 2. Operation of an Ultracapacitor. A simple ultracapacitor utilizes two similar electrodes (typically carbon) with a separator and electrolyte to create the electrochemical double layer that governs operation.” BATTERIES AND ULTRACAPS For an ultracapacitor, energy is stored within the electrical double layer, which is a physical storage mechanism…