DIRD_12-DIRD_Technological_Approaches_to_Controlling_External_Devices.pdf

UNCLASSIFIED/ -2@R=@EEEGHHI-USE-ONEYT Defense Intelligence Reference Document Poe ey Acquisition Threat Support 23 March 2010 ICOD: 1 December 2009 DIA-08-1003-012 Technological Approaches to Controlling External Devices in the Absence of Limb-Operated Interfaces UNCLASSIFIED / ##@i-@EEtGhi=-eSE=ONEY

UNCLASSIFIED / s§@R=@5EIGH-YSE ONE Technological Approaches to Controlling External Devices in the Absence of Limb-Operated Interfaces Prepared by: (b)(3):10 USC 424 Verense Intelligence Agency Author: (b)(6) Administrative Note COPYRIGHT WARNING: Further dissemination of the photographs in this publication is not authorized. This product is one in a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2009 under the Defense Intelligence Agency, [(b)(3):10 USC 424. SSC«*XVAAd vanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. Comments or questions pertaining to this document should b…

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UNCLASSIFIED / A®@R-OFFEGHEVSEOhk=y CONCIUSIONS 00. ccccceesenecesenenennnesranecrecusevesenenere see veseneaesuseneneeunenuren ene nepesescaueesesenenenenes 27 Figures Figure 1. Simplified Rendering of &@ N@UrOni ciscescsscecssnceescusevecnenneceencvenencnsneseusrseenenens i Figure 2. The General Layout of a Closed-Loop Control Interface......... ananenenenseenanen 5 Figure 3. Two Commercially Available EEG Sensors........cscccscscoccucsrsscescurcrcsecerercsuces 8 Figure 4, Experimental Overview of Brain-Controlled Robot in a Closed Loop : With Visual Feedback Experiment .....ccsccscccccuccsn…

UNCLASSIFIED (PP ORoOPTtGhSE-OhE Technological Approaches to Controlling External Devices in the Absence of Limb-Operated Interfaces Introduction Since the advent of modern interactive control of computers, technologies have been sought to directly connect the biological and the physical to form a seamless entity. While science fiction explores the possibilities of shared consciousness between brains and mainframes, real-life scientists work toward an equally fantastic but more pedestrian goal of eliminating required electromechanical human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Such technologies promise …

UNCLASSIFIED / s4B@R-@E5EGIAr SEOs for robust construction of such an interface are optical stimulation, gating, and sensory devices, and chip-based electrode arrays that have been encased in ex-vivo-engineered neural tissue. vi UNCLASSIFIED / 42@2e@EEbGP GE Ohi

UNCLASSIFIED / --@R-@FFIGH-USE-Ohe Direct Neural Signals The human nervous systern has two classes of cells, neurons and glia. Based on all research to date, it is believed that signals within the network of neurons constitute the whole of information processing, with glial cells playing a purely supporting role. This neural doctrine has dominated research in BMI until recently and still constitutes the only major research path in direct technologies. Furthermore, all technologies directly measuring human neuronal action rely on detecting or influencing electrical activity of these cells; no c…

UNCLASSIFIED / 42@2n@EELGDMnpWGE-Giiey The signal transmission down the axon of a neuron is an all-or-nothing process. When the cell body is stimulated above threshold, the axon transmits the same action potential at the same speed and in the same direction, regardless of the extent above threshold or duration of the input. Action potentials have durations of 1-10 milliseconds. Input signals can result in transmission of multiple action potentials, and thus the frequency and number of neuronal firings do vary with the input. Neurons require some time to reset between firings, nominally the dur…